ISBN 9780521542173

La enciclopedia de ciencias y tecnologías en Argentina

Revisión del 21:10 16 dic 2011 de Csoliverez (discusión | contribuciones)

Responsable::Ziman, John (compilador); Titulo::''Technological innovation as an evolutionary process''; Editorial::Cambridge University Press; Lugar_Edicion::Cambridge (Inglaterra); Año_Edicion::2000; [[:IL::ISBN 9780521542173]] (Ziman TIEP)


Contenido

Los artefactos y los organismos biológicos evolucionan por procesos aparentemente similares de variación no orientada y selección retentiva. En este libro un grupo de expertos internacionales —de campos tan variados como la biología evolucionista, historia y sociología de la ciencia y la tecnologìa, ciencias cognitivas, informática, economía, educación, antropología cultural y conducción de empresas— explora sistemáticamente esta sugestiva analogía. ¿Tienen los memes tecnológicos el mismo rol que los genes? ¿En qué sentido son "no orientadas" las innovaciones tecnológicas? El diseño, ¿hace a las innovaciones "lamarckianas"? La creatividad tecnológica, ¿proviene de una recombinación de ideas preexistentes? ¿Es posible hacer simulaciones computadas de los procesos de invención? ¿Qué es lo que evoluciona: los artefactos, las ideas o las organizaciones? Estas son algunas de las muchas preguntas generadas y parcialmente respondidas por la metáfora biológica de la tecnología. Al tiempo que ilustra el poder explicativo del esquema evolutivo en contextos suficientemente definidos, el libro presenta una contribución original a disciplinas concernientes al cambio cultural, como la Arqueología Evolutiva.

Índice

220px


  • List of contributors. xiii.
  • Preface. xv.
  • 1 . Evolutionary models for technological change by John Ziman. .
    • 1.1 The biological analogies. .
    • 1.2 The technological 'disanalogies'. .
    • 1.3 Is 'evolution' compatible with 'design'? .
    • 1.4 Artefacts as cultural constructs. .
    • I.5 Institutions. roles and behaviour. .
    • 1.6 Selection ism versus instructionism. .
    • 1.7 Undcrst.1nding innovation. .
  • 2 Biological evolution: processes and phenomena by Eva Jablonka and John Ziman. .
    • 2.1 Darwin's theory today. .
    • 2.2 Heritable variation. .
    • 2.3 Multiplication and heredity. .
    • 2.4 The objects of selection. .
    • 2.5 Adaptation. .
    • 2.6 Speciation and macroevolution. .
    • 2.7 Progress and its ambivalences. .
  • 3 . Lamarckian inheritance systems in biology: a source of metaphors and models in technological evolution by Eva Jablonka. .
    • 3.1 The genic model. .
    • 3.2 Dysfunctions of the genic model in cultural evolution. .
    • 3.3 Epigenetic inheritance systems (EISs). .
    • 3.4 Induction and selection of epigenetic variations. .
    • 3.5 The 'unit' problem. .
  • 4 Selectionism and complexity by John Ziman. .
    • 4.1 Adaptation by selection. .
    • 4.2 Other selective systems in biology. .
    • 4.3 Selectionist methodology. .
    • 4.4 Emergent properties of computer models. .
    • 4.5 Complexity theory. .
  • 5 Evolutionary phenomena in technological change by Joel Mokyr. .
    • 5.1 Introduction. .
    • 5.2 Techniques and evolution. .
    • 5.3 Selection units and replicators. .
    • 5.4 Vehicles and interactors. .
    • 5.5 Selection and teleology. .
    • 5.6 Innovation and adaptation. .
    • 5.7 Summary: information and selection. .
  • 6 Selection criteria and selection processes in cultural evolution theories by Richard Nelson. 66.
    • 6.1 Different perspectives on technological evolution. .
    • 6.2 Technological change as one aspect of cultural evolution. .
    • 6.3 Differing views on selection criteria and mechanisms. .
    • 6.4 Technology as both practice and understanding. .
  • 7 Technological evolution and involution: a preliminary comparison of Europe and Japan by Alan Macfarlane and Sarah Harrison. .
    • 7.1 The industrious revolution. .
    • 7.2 The West·European trajectory. .
    • 7.3 The decline in the use of domesticated animals in japan. .
    • 7.4 The declining use of the wheel in Japan. .
    • 7.5 The outcome: intensive rice agriculture inJapan. .
    • 7.6 The puzzle of the different trajectory of Europe and Japan. .
    • 7.7 Possible reasons for the absence of domesticated animals in Japan. .
    • 7.8 Theories to explain the declining use of the wheel. .
  • 8 Stasis in complex artefacts by Gerry Martin. .
    • 8.1 A skilled craft in a sophisticated civilization. .
    • 8.2 The Japanese sword. .
    • 8.3 Iron + 0.7% carbon = steel. .
    • 8.4 Quench hardening. .
    • 8.5 Keeping to what has been found. from long experience, to work. .
  • 9 Gothic tales of spandrels, hooks and monsters: complexity, multiplicity and association in the explanation of technological change by David Turnbull. 101.
    • 9.1 Explaining technological change. .
    • 9.2 Two contrasting stories. .
    • 9.3 The social construction of science and technology. .
    • 9.4 Thinking with cathedrals. .
    • 9.5 The power of the template. .
    • 9.6 The power of talk. .
    • 9.7 Theory and practice. .
    • 9.8 Analysing artefacts in use. .
  • 10 Path dependence and varieties ofiearning in the evolution of technological practice by Paula A. David. 118.
    • 10.1 Introduction: varieties of learning in the economics of technology. 118.
    • 10.2 A concrete historical application. 121.
    • 10.3 Inquiry by means of computer simulation: the 'Bayesian adaptive rhythm (BAR) model. 122.
    • 10.4 The historical frame and the computational bounds upon inferential learning . 124. .
    • 10.5 Simulation results . 127.
    • 10.6 Some extrapolations . 129.
    • 10.7 Imtructionist versus selectionist mechanisms in evolution . 131.
  • 11 Invention and evolution: the case of Edison's sketches of the telephone by W. Bernard Carlson. 137.
    • 11.1 The evolutionary role of the inventor . 137.
    • 11.2 Demystifying the process of invention . 138.
    • 11.3 A historical interlude: Edison, acoustic telegraphy, and the Reis telephone 139.
    • 11.4 Edison's transfonnative sketches ofthe Reis telephone . 143.
    • 11.5 Another historical interlude: Bell. Western Union and Edison's contract . 148.
    • 11.6 Sketches as fossils: taking a palaeontological approach . 149.
    • 11.7 Making maps to find patterns in the fossil record . 150.
    • 11.8 A narrative overview of Edison's work on the telephone . 151.
    • 11.9 So what do these maps tell us about invention and evolution? . 155.
    • 11.10 Edison as breeder. 157.
  • 12 The evolution of adaptive form by David Perkins. .
    • 12.1 The evolution of adaptive form. .
    • 12.2 The challenge of adaptive form. .
    • 12.3 Strategies of search. .
    • 12.4 How biological evolution is Klondike smart. .
    • 12.5 How human invention is Klondike smarter. .
    • 12.6 Is invention Lamarckian or Darwinian?. .
  • 13 Real-world variation-selection in the evolution of technological form: historical examples by Walter G. Vincenti. 174.
    • 13.1 The constraints of the real world. .
    • 13.2 Variation-selection in direct use. .
    • 13.3 Variation-selection in design. .
    • 13.4 Variation-selection in a design community. .
    • 13.5 Observations. .
  • 14 Learning to be inventive: design, evaluation and selection in primary school technology by Joan Solomon. 190.
    • 14.1 Education. .
    • 14.2 The nature of technology..
    • 14.3 Technology and history. .
    • 14.4 Starting the design process. .
    • 14.5 Problems with drawing for selection. .
    • 14.6 Spatial ability and mental modelling . .
    • 14.7 Evaluation. .
    • 14.8 Creativity and conclusions. .
  • 15 Technological evolution as self-fulfilling prophecy by Geoffrey Miller. 203.
    • 15.1 From genetic algorithms to Darwinian engineering. .
    • 15.2 How computer science ulmed Darwinian. .
    • 15.3 How genetic algorithms work. .
    • 15.4 Some strengths and weaknesses of genetic algorithms. .
    • 15.5 Fitness evaluation in Darwinian engineering. .
    • 15.6 The future of technological evolution. .
  • 16 Recursive practice and the evolution of technological knowledge by Edward Constant. 219.
    • 16.1 Introduction. .
    • 16.2 Recursion in engineering science and practice. .
    • 16.3 What evolves? .
    • 16.4 A quasi-Bayesian solution. .
    • 16.5 Recursion and rationality. .
    • 16.6 Recursive practice and the evolution of technological knowledge. .
  • 17 The concept of 'design space' by Rikard Stankiewicz. 234.
    • 17.1 A conceptual framework for technological evolution. .
    • 17.2 Cognitive dimensions of technology. .
    • 17.3 Design spaces. .
    • 17.4 Dynamics of design spaces. .
    • 17.5 The evolutionary regimes of technology. .
    • 17.6 Structuring design spaces. .
    • 17.7 Design languages. .
    • 17.8 Hierarchies of design languages. .
    • 17.9 The expansion of design spaces
    • 17.10 The convergence of design spaces. .
    • 17.11 Technological change as conceptual evolution. .
    • 17.12 Organizational and institutional implications. .
  • 18 Artefact <—> activity: the coevolution of artefacts, knowledge and organization in technological innovation by James Fleck. 248.
    • 18.1 Introduction. 248.
    • 18.2 Technology development. 248.
    • 18.3 The units for technological evolution. 249.
    • 18.4 The role of artefacts. 251.
    • 18.5 The role of knowledge. 254.
    • 18.6 The role of organization. 256.
    • 18.7 Thl! artefact-activity couple . 257.
    • 18.8 Stable replication. 259.
    • 18.9 Technological lineages. 260.
    • 18.10 Variation and innovation. 263.
    • 18.11 Lamarckanism, Darwinism and neo-Darwinism in technological evolution. 265.
  • 19 The organization of innovative enterprises by Gerard Fairtlough. .
    • 19.1 Styles of organization and patterns of evolution. .
    • 19.2 A typology of innovation. .
    • 19.3 Types of organization. .
    • 19.4 Choosing the right management style. .
    • 19.5 features of innovative organizations. .
    • 19.6 Organization and technological evolution. .
  • 20 The evolution of war and technology by Edward Constant. 281.
    • 20.1 The partnership of Mars and Vulcan. .
    • 20.2 Macroevolution. .
    • 20.3 Coevolution and complementarities. .
    • 20.4 'Fitness' and the problem of selection. .
    • 20.5 Directed mutation. vicarious selection and institutional memory. .
  • 21 Learning about technology in society: developing liberating literacy by Janet Davies Burns. 299.
    • 21.1 Understanding technological change. .
    • 21.2 The role of social groups in technological development. .
    • 21.3 Liberating literacy. .
    • 21.4 Liberating literacy in a risk society. .
    • 21.5 Education for technology. .
    • 21.6 Conclusion. .
  • 22 An end-word by all contributors. .
  • Note. .
  • Bibliography. .
  • Index. .

Sobre los autores

El libro en la editorial

Transclusión

El texto que se lee cuando se transcluye esta página es:

Ziman, John (compilador); Technological innovation as an evolutionary process; Cambridge University Press; Cambridge (Inglaterra); 2000; ISBN 9780521542173 (Ziman TIEP)

Citas

Artículos de esta Enciclopedia que citan al libro Ziman, John (compilador); Technological innovation as an evolutionary process; Cambridge University Press; Cambridge (Inglaterra); 2000; ISBN 9780521542173 (Ziman TIEP):{{#ask: IL::ISBN 9780521542173|format=ol |link=IL |default=

No hay citas en este momento.}}


Obtenido de «https://cyt-ar.com.ar/cyt-ar/index.php?title=ISBN_9780521542173&oldid=10128»