7. But what is leftism? During the first half of the 20th century leftism could have been practically identified with socialism. Today the movement is fragmented and it is not clear who can properly be called a leftist. When we speak of leftists in this article we have in mind mainly socialists, collectivists, “politically correct” types, feminists, gay and disability activists, animal rights activists and the like. But not everyone who is associated with one of these movements is a leftist. What we are trying to get at in discussing leftism is not so much movement or an ideology as a psychological type, or rather a collection of related types. Thus, what we mean by “leftism” will emerge more clearly in the course of our discussion of leftist psychology. (Also, see paragraphs 227-230.)
8. Even so, our conception of leftism will remain a good deal less clear than we would wish, but there doesn’t seem to be any remedy for this. All we are trying to do here is indicate in a rough and approximate way the two psychological tendencies that we believe are the main driving force of modern leftism. We by no means claim to be telling the WHOLE ''whole'' truth about leftist psychology. Also, our discussion is meant to apply to modern leftism only. We leave open the question of the extent to which our discussion could be applied to the leftists of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
9. The two psychological tendencies that underlie modern leftism we call “feelings of inferiority” and “oversocialization.” Feelings of inferiority are characteristic of modern leftism as a whole, while oversocialization is characteristic only of a certain segment of modern leftism; but this segment is highly influential.
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==LA PSICOLOGÍA DEL IZQUIERDISMO MODERNO==
7. ¿Qué es el izquierdismo? Durante la primera mitad del siglo XX el izquierdismo podría haberse considerado prácticamente idéntico al socialismo. Hoy en día el movimiento está fragmentado y no está claro quien puede, en rigor, ser llamado izquierdista. Cuando hablamos de izquierdistas en este escrito pensamos principalmente en socialistas y colectivistas, en personas "políticamente correctas", feministas, gays y activistas de la discapacidad, defensores de los animales y otros similares. Sin embargo, no todos los asociados con alguno de estos movimientos son izquierdistas. Lo que tratamos de obtener discutiendo el izquierdismo no es una caracterización de un movimiento o ideología sino un tipo o conjunto de tipos psicológicos. Lo que queremos decir con izquierdismo quedará más claro en el transcurso de la discusión de la psicología izquierdista. (Véanse también los párrafos 227 a 230.)
<!--8. Even soAún así, our conception of leftism will remain a good deal less clear than we would wishnuestro concepto de izquierdismo no quedará tan claro como quisiéramos, but there doesn’t seem to be any remedy for thispero no parece haber solución. All we are trying to do here is indicate in a rough and approximate way the two psychological tendencies that we believe are the main driving force of modern leftismTodo lo que tratamos de hacer aquí es señalar, aunque sea de modo tosco y aproximado, las dos tendencias psicológicas que creemos son la principal fuerza impulsora del izquierdismo moderno. We by no means claim to be telling the WHOLE truth about leftist psychologyNo afirmamos estar diciendo ''toda'' la verdad sobre la psicología izquierdista. Also Asimismo, our discussion is meant to apply to modern leftism onlynuestra discusión se aplica sólo al izquierdismo contemporáneo. We leave open the question of the extent to which our discussion could be applied to the leftists of the 19th and early 20th centuriesEs un tema de debate si la discusión es aplicable a los izquierdistas del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX.
9. The two psychological tendencies that underlie modern leftism we call “feelings of inferiority” and “oversocializationA las dos tendencias psicológicas que subyacen en el izquierdismo moderno las denominaremos "sentimientos de inferioridad" e "hipersocialización".” Feelings of inferiority are characteristic of modern leftism as a wholeLos sentimientos de inferioridad son característicos de todo el izquierdismo moderno, while oversocialization is characteristic only of a certain segment of modern leftism; but this segment is highly influentialmientras que la hipersocialización es propia solo de una fracción determinada del mismo, pero esa fracción es muy influyente sobre las demás.-->|-|}
===FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY===
23. We emphasize that the foregoing does not pretend to be an accurate description of everyone who might be considered a leftist. It is only a rough indication of a general tendency of leftism.
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===OVERSOCIALIZATION===
16. (Paragraph 95) When the American colonies were under British rule there were fewer and less effective legal guarantees of freedom than there were after the American Constitution went into effect, yet there was more personal freedom in pre-industrial America, both before and after the War of Independence, than there was after the Industrial Revolution took hold in this country. In “Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives,” edited by Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr, Chapter 12 by Roger Lane, it is explained how in pre-industrial America the average person had greater independence and autonomy than he does today, and how the process of industrialization necessarily led to the restriction of personal freedom.